What is a Kilocalorie?

The kilocalorie equals 1,000 small calories or exactly 4.184 kilojoules and is the universal unit for measuring dietary energy in food. Confusingly, on US food labels and in popular usage, 'Calorie' (capital C) means kilocalorie — so a 200-Calorie cookie is actually 200,000 small calories, or 200 kcal. This convention dates to American chemist Wilbur Atwater's 19th-century nutrition research. Recommended daily intake is roughly 2,000 kcal for women and 2,500 kcal for men. The kilocalorie remains the everyday food-energy unit in the United States, while European labels show both kJ and kcal. Athletes track caloric burn during exercise in kcal: running burns about 100 kcal per mile. The kcal relates to the kilojoule (4.184 kJ = 1 kcal), the joule (1 kcal = 4,184 J), and the BTU (1 BTU ≈ 0.252 kcal). Marathon runners burn roughly 2,600 kcal during a 42-km race.

Visual reference for how the kilocalorie relates to other energy units. Each row links to the full converter for that pair.

• Nutrition labels worldwide
• Diet and weight-management tracking
• Dietetics and clinical nutrition

• ✓1 kcal = 4.184 kJ.
• ✓US "Calorie" (with capital C) = 1 kcal.
• ✓Apps and smartwatches track active energy in kcal.

• ✗Reading food "Calories" as gram calories — factor of 1000 off.
• ✗Treating all calorie values as comparable — macros (fat, protein, carb) differ in energy density.
• ✗Counting kcal without portion size leads to underestimates.